用比较判断法通过上下文语境来选择答案技巧

2023-05-26/ 文峰百事通/ 查看: 214/ 评论: 10

摘要用比较判断法通过上下文语境来选择答案技巧实用技巧1：用比较判断法来选择答案有时，在一个段落中，前面的

用比较判断法通过上下文语境来选择答案技巧
实用技巧1：用比较判断法来选择答案
有时，在一个段落中，前面的空只凭借一个句子的内容很难做出正确的判断，但是在后面的句子结构中也出现同样的语言结构，这种语言现象便是我们要找的比较信息部分。了解比较信息部分的结构，能帮助我们找到前面对应结构中等立存在的答案。
例1：Pagoda Street is a street like many others – not very 1 , not very wide, 2 wide enough for two buses to pass. But it is a 3 street all the same, particularly during the rush hour.
1. A clear B. clean C. far D. fresh
2. A. also B. even C. and D. only
3. A. famous B. useful C. busy D. free
【答案及解析】
例2：The ancient Greek thinker Diogenes said that there was only one good, namely(也就是), knowledge; and only one 1 , namely, 2 .
1. A. better B. best C. nice D. evil
2. A. ignorance B. disbelief C. laziness D. death
【答案及解析】

1. D【解析】文中only one good为信息词，only限制了good，形成了“绝对关系”，所以后面的部分不会再出现good的同义词或近义词，那么空1 应选择与good相反的词。A，B，C项都是体现好的方面的词，只有D项符合，evil的意思为“邪恶的”，即使你不知道这个词的含义也可用排除法选出正确答案。

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2. A【解析】跟在提出例证的转折词namely后面的词，其作用是说明前面的名词的，既然good是knowledge, 那么与之相对应的evil后的词应是与knowledge相对应的反义词ignorance（无知）。而disbelief为“不相信”， laziness为“懒惰”，death为“死亡”，都与原义不符。对比法在完形填空中往往是一种重要的解题方法，扩展词汇面，找出反义词，应用对比关系然后再排除是关键。
除了可以从相同的结构中比较外，还可以利用其他转折词的功能进行比较，常见的转折词有：though（虽然）, at the same time（往往比较两个不同的动作）, even so（尽管如此）, instead（此外）, on the contrary（恰恰相反）, on the other hand（另一方面）, similarly（同样）, but, however（然而）等。在做完型填空时，利用这些词或词组的提示，我们可以判断它们与后面的词、句子的关系，这种关系或许是趋于向其他方面的转化，或许是与所描述的概念正好相反。如：
A horse and a donkey, each bearing a burden, were being led by their master. The donkey asked the horse to take part of its burden, for it was very tired; ____ the horse refused.
A. but B. then C. and D. so
【答案】A
【解析】句中分号前所提供的信息是the donkey asked for help, 而分号后的句子说 the horse refused。这说明这两个句子的意思是相反的，存在转折关系，所以此空应选A。

实用技巧2：通过上下文语境来选择答案
该项目的设计主要是考查考生的综合分析能力。测试内容包括篇章结构和推理判断能力，这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系，也就是说，对短文的整体理解是非常重要的，这种考查项目的设计所占的比例较大，且难度也大。考生必须跨越句子层次和段落层次才能选出正确的答案来。
推测文章主旨, 并把句子补充完整。
If you think you are sick, you are ___, no matter what anyone else says. On the other hand, if you believe in your____, and if he tells that you are going to feel better, you probably will. The effect of the mind on the body ____ and sometimes can be powerful. It exists ____ one is aware of it or not.
Topic: Mind has an effect on the patients

Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers - some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session - care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more t han knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle - longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about lo ve, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist”, she says, “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.
32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?
A. Learn a new subject B. Keep in touch with friends.
C. Show off their knowledge. D. Express their true feelings.
33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?
A. They are less frequently visited. B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They have bigger night crowds. D. They start to serve fast food.
【解析】
32. D细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.可知在La Chope咖啡馆鼓励人们表达他们真正的情感。故选D。
33. A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.可
可知心理咖啡馆在巴黎受欢迎的原因在于他们给予人们精神上的支持。故选B。